• Keeping aero parts from hitting the ground

• Unexpected loads and directions

• Stopping oscillation

• Making or buying cables

Doing research, reverse engineering, setting design targets. Additional insight for teams thinking about making the EV transition.

To manage priorities, ask four questions about every design decision, in this order: 1. Is it legal or illegal? 2. How does the change affect reliability or repeatability? 3. How does the change affect overall vehicle performance over a lap? 4. What are the drivability effects?

Stopwatches, garage beams, thermometers, cameras, chalk, zip ties, yarn, and smartphones.

Simply finding the combination that gives the fastest laptime is missing the point. The point is to understand the size of each effect, and how to engineer each effect to achieve the fastest laptime.

Chassis, mass, and aerodynamic interactions affecting steady-state balance, and the purpose of anti-roll bars.